The Spanish American War During The 19th Century - 1391 Words

At the end of the 19th century the Spanish-American War was fought between the United States, and Spain. The war started a new beginning for three nations, the United States, Cuba and Spain. At the end of the war an empire would fall and new one would be created and Cuba would become an independent nation. Though battles were fought all over the world the war itself was mostly about Cuban Independence. During the latter half of 19th century Cuba was under the control of Spain. â€Å"Cuba, Spain’s oldest large colony in the New World, was still its proudest possession† (Somerlott, 2002) the quick destruction of Spanish forces ended there rule in the New World and allowed the US to become an empire. Also it allows the speed†¦show more content†¦He was soon arrested and tried for treason and later excelled to Spain. â€Å"He had served six years at hard labor in a rock quarry in Cuba and Spain as punishment† (Jeffers, 1996) In 1881 Marti was back in t he US writing with newspapers on the injustices that were going on in Latin America. Unfortunately he soon realized the only way independence from Spain was to come was thought war. After aligning himself with militants 1884 he began the overthrow of the government. In 1894 Marti and a small group of insurgents landed on the island of Cuba. After a brief struggle Marti was killed. â€Å"On May 20, near the little town of Dos Rios, Jose Marti took a Spanish bullet through the heart† (Jeffers, 1996) His sacrifice would galvanized a nation for independence and soon they look to the US for help. â€Å"In 1895 after decades of futile revolt, a simmering Cuba erupted into a full-scale war for independence, Spanish reaction was swift and brutal† (Somerlott, 2002) On February 15, 1898 the USS Maine a battleship sent to Cuba with the purpose of escorting and protecting Americans mysteriously exploded Havana harbor. The ship sank with the loss of 260 Sailors. The American pr ess wanting war stoked the fires of hate across the nation. Using unproven accusations of sabotage at Spain war was inevitable. â€Å"The explosion which destroyed the Maine was the

Hamlet And Laertes By William Shakespeare - 1469 Words

Shakespeare’s characters Hamlet and Laertes, in the play Hamlet, attempt to attain revenge for their fathers, but contrast in their approaches to achieving revenge, and their view of life as a whole, their failures revealing the inevitability of fate. Just as Hamlet’s inaction hinders him from achieving his goal of killing Claudius, Laertes’s impetuosity similarly leads him astray from his goal their inability to achieve these goals. The power of fate is thereby revealed through the futility of human actions due to the looming and palpable presence of human mortality. The downfall of each hero due to their respective Hamartias contrast to the outcomes of those who submit to fate, conveying the message of the inevitability of human†¦show more content†¦This regret and his indecision indicate that Hamlet’s true internal conflict was not with Claudius, but that was merely a manifestation of a deeper problem, that being a conflict with death, and its inevitability. Hamlet’s unhappy death reflects a lack of fulfillment during his lifetime showing the power of fate, as all his actions were not due to his own choices and did not bring him happiness. Laertes’ death is similar to Hamlet in this aspect despite his vastly different personality and actions. Laertes’s external conflict as established before is his conflict with Hamlet, who killed Polonius, his father. However, like Hamlet, this conflict remains after his death. Though he kills Hamlet he chooses to forgive Hamlet, begging him to â€Å"Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet./Mine and my father’s death come not upon thee† (Act 5 Scene 2 362,363). This shifts his external conflict to Claudius who he blames for his father’s death instead, but is unable to take revenge for his father due to his wounds in an ironic twist of fate, his believed free will results in him unable to fulfill his external purpose in life as his actions â₠¬Å"Hath turn d itself on me† (Act 5 Scene 2 348). 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Myths and Conventions Essay Example For Students

Myths and Conventions Essay However, the act of infanticide is justified by Medea, not so much as an act of revenge but, in her eyes, the best thing that she can do for her children, Now my course is clear: as quickly as possible/To kill the children Not delay and so consign them to another hand/To murder with a better will. For they must die/In any case; and since they must, then I who gave/Them birth will kill them (line 1233ff). Jason pleads with Medea, insisting on his male role until the end of the play, that she allow him his paternal rites of burying the children. Jason fails in his own persuasion and Medea has succeeded in demonstrating the importance of vows and places the same heartache, which she has encountered since he married Glauce, upon Jason. I believe this final act was Medeas way of confirming to Jason that it was the emotional sorrow of losing him that wounded her the most, rather than the physical aspect of their relationship, as Jason believed. This unconventional ending is perhaps part of the reason why the play was not as well received when it was initially premiered. . In George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion, we see the main character, Eliza Doolittle, transformed from an ill-mannered but street wise cockney flower girl into a high society debutante. This transformation is primarily the work of Mr Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, financed by his well-travelled acquaintance. Shaw initially portrays Eliza as unfeminine and outspoken, if not somewhat rude, traits of which she is perhaps aware (this insecurity could explain her repetition of the Im good girl, I am mantra during the earlier part of the play). Elizas initial state is in sharp contrast to the ladies, Clara Eynsford-Hill and her mother Mrs Eynsford-Hill, who are waiting in the rain expectant that Claras brother, Freddy, will provide them with a taxi (a hopeless task they have persuaded him to do despite the weather). Elizas moral attitude is worthy, highlighted by a passer-by who informs her that a man is taking notes of her conversation with the Colonel, theyll take away my character (Shaw pg13) Eliza exclaims, worried that she has been mistaken for a prostitute. Eliza is very ambitious, with dreams of owning a flower shop and sees herself as strong and self-sufficient, despite her lowly origins and public perception. Eliza proves her shrewd mind by visiting Higgins at his house, after he announces his address to the Colonel, to ask whether she can pay him for elocution lessons, in order to better herself (not only has Eliza persuaded the gentleman to give her several months wages, she has also negotiated a life changing classes). Shaw uses Higgins to highlight the chauvinistic qualities that many men possessed during this period. He oppress Eliza into obedience with taunts and humiliation (and is not shy about doing so in company), calling her a squashed cabbage leaf (Shaw pg18), and saying A woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere (Shaw pg18). Higgins strips Eliza, both figuratively and literally, by providing her with new clothing and destroying her old items giving her a new identity. Determination in the face of constant adversity and tension pushes Eliza further, but culminates with an action that surmises Shaws opinion of the oppression of women. During Act Four, after Eliza overhears Higgins explain that he is glad the experiment is over because the whole thing has been a bore (Shaw pg75), Eliza throws Higgins slippers at him. To Eliza the slippers represent masculine oppression, that a womans duty is to look after the man, and she has had enough. This symbolic gesture would have been more poignant had Eliza thrown Higgins dinner at him, although Shaw would have realised this a difficult act to perform on stage. .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d , .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .postImageUrl , .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d , .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:hover , .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:visited , .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:active { border:0!important; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:active , .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a0ae367cca4fff41db5d8474b22e04d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Trace The Development Of Feeling In The Poem "One Art" EssayDespite following traditions of a romantic text, Shaw has the hero and heroine, somewhat surprisingly, part company in the final act of the play. Shaw moved away from the traditional Cinderella ending as marriage can be recognized as a completely patriarchal institution, dominated by the man. Had Eliza married Higgins he would have expected her to play the part of the doting wife. This would contrast completely with what Eliza has transformed herself from, a helpless girl, and into, a very independent woman. Freddy, her alternative, although a little dim and unambitious for Eliza, is the kind of gentleman that would not treat her as subordinate, but as a lady, a trait she found particularly endearing in the Colonel. Both Euripides and Shaw express their beliefs and opinions through their main characters in contrasting approaches. Euripides could be seen by some as a considerably anti-feminist, in his endeavour to illustrate the mental anguish that women in Ancient Greece endure. He has managed to glorify the male stereotype and in doing so Medea loses her femininity altogether in an attempt to shame the audience. Shaw endeavours, through Eliza, to demonstrate that women are right to want equal opportunities and should fight for their independence. Shaw has Eliza achieving these things while still holding onto the feminine qualities that he seems to value. Bibliography Richards, F. (2005) The Open University: Block 5 Myths and Conventions, 2nd edition Shaw, B (1914) Pygmalion, Penguin Euripides (1997) Medea and Other Plays, Oxford World Classics.

Philippines Toward a Child-Friendly Education Environment Essay Example

Philippines Toward a Child-Friendly Education Environment Paper Childrens peers, more than the adults, are the perpetrators of violence in schools. 4. Male children are more likely to experience physical violence than female children. 5. Physical and verbal forms of violence are accepted by the children as part of discipline and seen as appropriate when inflicted within certain parameters. 6. Children generally prefer a more positive form of discipline such as being talked to and erected or guided/counseled in response to offenses or violations made in school. 3 7. Experiences of violence usually result in low self-esteem, fear, anger and helplessness among children. 8. Family background and personal circumstances, influence of peers and media, lack of awareness about childrens rights, fear, inability of authority figures to respond to cases, and lack of policies are some of the factors cited as contributing to incidences of violence in schools. 9. Children and adults recommend awareness raising and capacity building activities for parents, teachers and children, clear policies, ND collaborative measures that involve all stakeholders including community leaders as measures to address VIC in schools. Given the above the research puts forward the following recommendations: 1 . Advocate for stronger involvement of the Department of Education in developing and standardizing child protection policies and mechanisms for schools must be facilitated. 2. Concretion the collaboration of different stakeholders for the protection of children by establishing clear, functioning mechanisms for VIC case reporting and processing as well as for school monitoring. 3. Provide adequate information to local government officials, other community leaders, school officials, teachers, parents and children on relevant laws relating to child abuse and child protection. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippines Toward a Child-Friendly Education Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Philippines Toward a Child-Friendly Education Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Philippines Toward a Child-Friendly Education Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Capacity building must also be provided across the different stakeholder groups, so that they could facilitate the processing of VIC cases and ensure justice for children. 4. Enact local legislation at the barraging and the municipal levels, which would further help protect children from possible abuses and various forms of violence. 5. Step up and concretion programs promoting childrens rights in schools and in the communities wrought campaigns addressing specific forms of violence against children in schools. 6. Promote alternatives to corporal punishment by documenting and disseminating cases demonstrating the merits of positive approaches to discipline, and facilitating discussions with both adults and children in the schools and the broader communities. 7. Undertake more in-depth studies on VIC in schools. Against Children in schools RESEARCH PROTOCOL for PLAN Area Research 4 l. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study The United Nations World Report on Violence Against Children (2006) is a landmark document in the advocacy for childrens human rights. Specifically, it discussed VIC in the settings where children are most at risk: in the home and family, in schools, in workplaces, in care and justice institutions, and in communities. Specific to violence in education settings, the Report identified the occurrence of physical and psychological punishment; gender-based violence and discrimination; bullying, fighting, physical assault and gangs; homicide and serious physical injury; and weapons in school as violations of childrens human rights, regardless of the number of cases or frequency these were experienced by children in schools. The UN World Report rewarded its core message that No violence against children is justifiable. All violence against children is preventable (italics supplied). The Report also recommended creating information systems, including establishing baseline data, on VIC in schools. This recommendation is particularly significant in the light of the dearth of data on such in the country. 1 These data would be critical in developing policies and programs to address violence in schools systematically. The past two decades saw gains in increasing awareness and building knowledge about violence against children in this country. A total of 1 national legislations were passed relating to protection of childrens rights and welfare during this period. Most of these pertain to child abuse in general, with two of these enacted legislations citing specific forms of violence against children in schools. The Anti-Sexual Harassment Law (1996) penalizes various forms of sexual violence specifically in the work place including the educational environment, while the Initiating Law (1995) addresses the violent initiation rites of school-based fraternities, sororities and similar organizations. Indeed, the school is one setting where violence against children occurs. The extent and magnitude however are largely unknown. There are many non-government organizations assisting children who are victims of violence and abuses but the systematic collation of data is weak. Available data at national level is usually limited only to reported cases from the Legal Department of the Department of Education, the Department of Social Welfare and Development, the PUGH Child Protection Unit, and the Philippine National Police. This data gap was recognized by the Philippine Government in its Response to the UN VIC Study Questionnaire. 5 The Third and Fourth Periodic Report of the Philippine Government to the Committee on the Rights of the Child (2007) mentioned the following statistics: An estimated 500 to 800 cases of child abuse were committed by teachers each year according to the Child Adolescent Psychiatrists of the Philippines Inc. (CAPRI). In 2006, a CAPRI survey also revealed that 50 per cent of the perpetrators of child abuse in schools were teachers, while a small number involved janitors, bus drivers, and other school personnel. The UP- Philippine General Hospital (UP-PUGH) Child Protection Unit documentation likewise identified teachers as perpetrators in five per cent of physical abuse ND three percent of the sexual abuse cases it handled. These numbers represent only a small fraction of the actual cases of violence against children in schools. It has been recognized that many more cases remain unreported due to lack of awareness on child rights in the community, lack of access to reporting and referral systems, or simply, due to fear. The Department of Education regulatory policies at the level of professional organizations deem inflicting violence against children in schools as unethical among teachers. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending learner nor make deductions from their scholastic rating as a punishment for acts which are clearly not manifestations of poor scholarship (Article VIII, Section 2, The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers 1 998) (italics supplied) Further the more recent Depend Service Manual (2000) prohibits corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure (Unit IV, Chapter 3 on School Discipline): 1 . . 1. School officials and teachers shall have the right to impose appropriate and reasonable disciplinary measures in case of minor offenses or infractions Of good discipline. However no cruel physically harmful enmeshment shall be imposed or applied against any pupil or student. The Manual further defines and describes corporal punishment and stipulates penalty for violations, as follows: Suspension / Expulsion The use of corporal punishment by teachers (slapping, jerking or pushing pupils / students about), imposing manual work or degrading tasks as penalty, meting out cruel or unusual punishments of any nature, holding up a pupil / student to unnecessary ridicules, the use of epithets and expressions intending to destroy the pupils / students self-respect and the permanent confiscation of arsenal property of pupils. Civil society groups engaged in building the capacities of schools to address child abuse also surfaced cases of violence done to children in schools. For instance, the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse (ASPECTS) reported 45 cases of sexual and physical violence from 1997 to 1998 in the schools where they were piloting a Personal Safety Curriculum. Six of these were sexual violence cases involving a teacher: five of the victims were male students aged 10-13 years old, while the female victim was 16 years old. 22 Yacht and Eng 2001; see also UP SST KIDS and Save the Children UK 2003. Researches on child discipline in the school setting give more insights on the context of violence against children in schools. Noteworthy in this regard are studies on corporal punishment in families and schools undertaken by Save the Children-Sweden in the Asia-pacific region 3, and the study done by PLAN Philippines 4 that looked into the childrens and adults concepts of chi ld discipline child abuse. Both studies revealed community acceptance of corporal punishment and harsh reprimands as part of discipline, and such acceptance was identified as a sustaining factor for violence against children in schools. In November 2007, PLAN Philippines commissioned the Philippine School of Social Work (SSW) of the Philippine Womens university to undertake a study on violence against children (VIC) in public schools in areas covered by PLAN programs. Entitled, Toward a Child Friendly Education Environment: A Baseline Study on Violence Against Children in Public Schools, the research is in line with PLANs global campaign on Learn Without Fear. This campaign envisions a world where children can go to a school in feet and expect quality learning experience without fear of threats of violence. B. Research Description 1. Research Problem and Objectives This research on violence against children in public schools does not only relate to the PLAN global campaign on Learn Without Fear, but also serves as a follow-through undertaking to the United Nations World Report on Violence Against Children at the national level. The study aims to contribute to the growing literature on VIC in schools in the country b y exploring its dimensions and mapping out in broad strokes its definition from the points of IEEE of children and of adult stakeholders. Specifically, the objectives are as follows: (d) To describe the issue of VIC in schools from the points of view of children, parents, the school management and its personnel (teaching or non- teaching) in the selected research sites. (e) To identify factors that support or deter violence against children in schools in the selected research sites. (f) To recommend policy and program interventions to address VIC in schools, towards making schools more child-friendly. 3 Save the Children Sweden (2006). Results of Comparative Research on the Physical and Emotional Punishment of Children in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. 4 Plan, 2006. Understanding Child Discipline and Child Abuse in the Filipino Context: Comparing Perspectives Of parents, Children, professionals and Community Leaders. 7 There are six questions that the study seeks to answer: 1 . What specific acts of teachers, other students, and non-teaching personnel and adult stakeholders consider as violence against children or abusive to children? 2. What are the considerations when categorizing or labeling a certain act as violent or abusive? 3. What are the effects of violence and abuse to children ho experience them? . What factors hinder or sustain incidents of violence and abuse against children in schools? 5. To what extent does the available system of action in school respond to and prevent violence against children? 6. In what aspects can the school environment be improved towards protecting children and making them safer in schools? 2. Scope and Limitations of the Study The rese arch confines itself to the following parameters Geographical scope: PLAN National Office identified the research sites for this study: Messmate, Northern Samara and the Comates Islands in Zebu. Public schools: Only public schools were included in the sampling. A total of 58 schools participated in the study. Ten elementary and ten secondary schools were randomly identified each from Messmate and Comates Islands. In Northern Samara, ten elementary schools and eight secondary schools were randomly selected; two of the eight secondary schools were not covered by PLAN. Children: School children below 18 years old were identified to participate in the study. They were broadly grouped by grade levels I. E. , Grades 1-3, Grades 4-6 and high school. A total of 2,442 children participated in the surveys. 02 participants o focus group discussions (Figs) and 332 interview respondents were identified from this pool of children. It should also be noted that the study followed the age norms for each of these grade levels. As such, respondents from Grades 1-3 were aged 6-10 years old; Grades 4-6 included only children aged 9-13 years old; and high school student-participants were limited to those in the 12-17 year-old age range. 5 5 See also the Research Protocol for other details regarding selection of participants; the profile of research participants is also available on page 12 of this report. (1 2 January 2008) Adult participants: In each of the provinces, three Figs were convened with adult stakeholders, with the following participant totals: a) 29 parents and other community representatives; b) 71 school personnel; and c) 1 1 guidance counselors. Interviews were conducted with 20 school heads (principals or officers-in-charge) and 1 1 guidance counselors. Guidance counselor in this study meant either the guidance counselor (with planting item) or the teacher-UCM-guidance counselor. Documentation of the interviews and Figs. The research sites entailed data gathering that depended a great deal on the lied researchers knowledge of the local dialect. Interviews were done in the dialect, but all documentation was done in English. As for the survey forms, responses from the children were mostly written in Filipino rather than in their dialect. 9 I. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Violence Against Children Defined Violence against children (VIC) is not a new concept, however new the term may be in the country which is more familiar with child abuse. Indeed these two terms have been used interchangeably in most Philippine literature which shows no clear distinctions between them. Essentially, definitions of OTOH highlighted the forms of violence can take (physical, psychological, sexual), the manner it was experienced (direct or indirect, threatened or actual) and its effects (physical and emotional). Violence against children, however, is more comprehensive defined as any act that violates childrens rights, particularly their right to physical and mental health, security and bodily integrity. The World Report on Violence Against Children 6 expounded on violence as a real ¶y in many childrens lives. Although no specific definition was forwarded by the Report, it considered key international and regional unman rights standards and non-binding instruments in articulating State obligations to protect children against all forms of physical, mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment and exploitation, Including sexual abuse (CRY, Article 19). These included the: Universal Declaration on Human Rights Convention on the Rights of the Child Convention on Civil and Political Rights Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women International Criminal, Humanitarian, Refugee and Labor Laws Furthermore, it also forwarded that violence occurs in various settings where children are found, and where discrimination on the basis of gender, social status and ethnicity, among others, exist. With regard to violence schools, the World Report defined the following forms of violence as experienced by children worldwide: 7 Physical and psychological punishment (e. G. Corporal punishment) Any act in which physical force is used and intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort, however light. The Report also includes non-physical forms of cruel and degrading punishment which belittles, humiliates, denigrates, scapegoats, threatens or scares, or ridicules children as violence. 7 Epinephrine (2006: 31-39) Epinephrine (2006: 1 16-128) 10 Discrimination, sexual and gender-based violence. Gender-based violence stems from gender inequality, stereotypes and socially imposed roles. Sexual harassment, which often targets girls, may be motivated by the desire to punish or humiliate because of their sex and sexuality, or by sexual interest and bravado, to intimidate, humiliate and diminish girls Bullying. This is didst anguished from other forms Of violence because it represent a patter Of behavior rather than an isolated event Fighting, physical assault and gangs. Fighting generally involves conflict involving two or more people where it is not easy to make distinctions between perpetrators and victims. Physical assault as in the case of an attack by one person on another driven by inflamed feelings of anger or jealousy. Gangs are more distinguished from the usual peers groups because of formal structures and rituals Homicide and Weapons in school B. Violence and Gender The Global Report on VIC also noted in some countries that there are implicit ND explicit policies in schools on corporal punishments related to gender.

Critical Analysis Report Ryanair And British Midlands Airways Tourism Essay Essays

Critical Analysis Report Ryanair And British Midlands Airways Tourism Essay Essays Critical Analysis Report Ryanair And British Midlands Airways Tourism Essay Paper Critical Analysis Report Ryanair And British Midlands Airways Tourism Essay Paper Ryanair was chosen as the first European air hose to undergo the critical analysis because, it is a major air hose that has undergone unfavorable judgment over the past few old ages despite being the merely low cost air hose that offers inexpensive menu flights for all their riders. Ryanair launched its first path in 1985 transporting riders from Waterford in the sou-east of Ireland to London Gatwick. Since it started in 1985, it has grown enormously over the old ages going Europe s first and largest low menus air hose which started with 25 staffs and grown to more than 7,000 staffs and besides started with going to two finishs and turning to 150 finishs. BMI was chosen has the 2nd air hose for this study non merely because it is the 2nd largest air hoses in the universe s busiest airdrome but besides because they were the first air hose to offer a system of booking and paying for ticket over the cyberspace. This cyberspace system was introduced in 1995 ( www.airfaresflights.co.uk ) . Besides because they are a member of the star confederation group which consist of 20 international air hoses which offers their clients a worldwide web and a smooth incorporate travel experience ( www.emol.org ) . Purposes and Aims The purpose of this study is to analyze the concern environment environing both Ryanair and BMI and detect their constructions and the scheme they are using to their concern to do them successful. Question 1 Airline 1: Ryanair In the past four old ages, Ryanair is listed as the lowest menu air hose in the United Kingdom. Despite being the cheapest, Ryanair was confirmed in December 2009 as the least favorite air hose four old ages running. ( www.e-tid.com ) . Quite a few issues have had both positive and negative impact on Ryanair over the past four old ages. Such issues include Globalisation, the EU, de-regulation, statute law, recession, competition and many more and this will be discussed farther below. To get down, the European Union This organic structure has affected the European Airline Industry as a whole over the past few old ages. Laws have been changed, the authorities organic structures have been changed and rather few other things have been introduced. In April 2006, it became 20 old ages since the European Union became actively involved with the air conveyance. One positive impact of the EU on the European air hose is the creative activity of individual internal market for the air conveyance which led to all European air hoses being able to wing between any two community airdromes and can freely make up ones mind menus, new paths and capacity ( www.europa.eu ) . This impact was a great advantage to Ryanair, as they were able to make up ones mind their menus and can add new paths to their paths annually. Another issue which has had a great impact on Ryanair is the recession. In 2009, recession has changed peoples travel behaviour significantly. Another positive impact is Ryanair on-line check-in. They launched the on-line check-in in 2006, which has seen great betterment and holds in airport check-in. Most travelers prefer to check-in at place to avoid the airdrome fusss. Since 2006 to day of the month, on-line check-in has changed significantly with Ryanair. In March 2009, they introduce fees for on-line check-in and cancelled their airport check-in desk. They admitted that this will salvage them 1000000s of lbs by stoping their contract with European airdromes for the check-in desk. ( www.telegraph.co.uk ) . Critical Success factors Airline 2: British Midlands ( BMI ) BMI is the 2nd largest air hose at London Heathrow airdrome which is the universe s busiest international airdrome. Equally good as Ryanair, BMI has had a batch of recent development that has affected them. One major issue that affected them between 2008 and 2009 is the Recession. The Times Online announced in November 2009 that BMI has admitted that it may non be able to go on as a traveling concern beyond following twelvemonth ( 2010 ) in the face of an acute support crisis at the air hose . This proclamation was after Lufthansa, the German flagship air hose took over BMI in June 2009 after holding to purchase a bulk interest. Due to the economic crisis, in July 2008, BMI was forced to acknowledge that they would run some about empty aircrafts from the London Heathrow airdrome to retain the take-off and set downing slots. The figure of riders going at this period had reduced significantly because of the recession. Another serious impact of the recession on BMI is the Job losingss . In November 2009, BMI announced their program to cut around 600 occupations which is as a consequence of the economic crisis ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . Another development that affects BMI in peculiar is the Terrorism and War. The terrorist act act started with the 911. This has resulted to a batch of off flights to some parts of the universe and has besides seen lessening in the figure of riders that really wants to board a plane. War in some metropoliss and states besides has a important impact on air hoses. BMI see cancellations of many flights for either a long or short period of clip. An illustration of such paths includes flights from London to Georgia which was introduced in September 2007 and was cancelled in August 2008 following the onslaughts by the Russian military personnel. The Russians used their aircraft to bombed the airdrome which resulted in the cancellation of inbound and outward flights to the airdrome. This had great impact on BMI as they operate their services to G eorgia three times a hebdomad. ( www.ebookers.com ) Another major impact is the de-regulation of the air hose industry. Critical Success factors BMI critical success factor was in July 2007 when the Civil air power authorization ( CAA ) indicates that BMI and BMI regional were the UK s most punctual air hoses during the first one-fourth of 2007 ( www.ebookers.com ) . Question 2 Airline 1: Ryanair hypertext transfer protocol: //sampleresearchproposals.blogspot.com/2008/07/ryanair-ups-and-downs.html ( accessed on 18/12/09 ) The strategic program of Ryanair is to keep it low cost air hoses at all times. The cardinal success of Ryanair or any administration is how it additions competitory advantage over its rivals. Ryanair has maintained this by offering a extremely differentiated merchandise which is uninterrupted lower menu for its riders. Ryanair has made its name and continuously increased the figure of riders with is low menus. It was announced that Ryanair has grown 13 % in 2009 with 65million more riders. Ryanair has systematically looked at where cost can be saved and adjust it system to it. In other to understand the scheme pursued by Ryanair, we applied the Pestel analysis ( see appendix 1 ) . Recently, Ryanair cancelled its check-in desk at airdrome to let client s cheque -in online. This reduces cost, by restricting the figure of paid infinites at airdromes and reduces the figure of employees by replacing them with engineering. They took advantage of the cyberspace to continuously accomplish t heir low menus. Besides, Ryanair endeavour to run with low cost, utilizing low cost aircraft and equipment, client service cost and airdrome entree fees. They have their aircraft parked farther off from the going and arrival gate to salvage cost. They so use this excess nest eggs to their rider s menus which in bend continuously lower menu in comparing to other air hoses. Another scheme they use is to keep promptness at all times, they bit British air passages and BMI to promptness in 2008 and has maintained this invariably. Airline 2: British Midlands ( BMI ) Competitve trueness in the air diamond nine hypertext transfer protocol: //www.prolog.uk.com/marketing/casestudies/bmi.html Question 3 Airline 1: Ryanair Airline 2: British Midlands ( BMI ) BMI was the first air hoses to let riders to look into in online and besides buy their ticket on the cyberspace. BMI saw this was a great advantage and can salvage the in-between adult male charges for their clients Question 4 The European Airline Industry has seen a batch of alterations since the de-regulation in 1985, that is when the barriers were broken and competition was raised. There had been assorted challenges over the past few old ages which had serious affected the air hose industry and one major one is the act of terrorist act from 911. This panic menaces had seen lessening in figure of riders going around the Earth. This act created fright for riders and even limitation of some airlines/aircrafts in some states. And rather late, as mentione earlier, the Christmas twenty-four hours menace in Detroit ( December 2009 ) has increase the menaces. Witht he authorities non acquiring to the terminal of war and terroriksm, a possible menace will still be on terrorist act, by aiming air hose. But future developments to turn to this menace is the addition in the step of security in all airdromes and air hoses. As late being mentioned iin the intelligence, rather a few major international airdrome are den oting the execution of organic structure scanners to contend terrorist act. Decision The analysis on Ryanair concludes that, they have different scheme in comparing to their rivals. Therefore, these schemes have given them competitory advantage over their rivals. Recommendation A SWOT analysis of Ryanair ( Datamonitor 2008, p.16 ) lists employee dealingss as a failing. This indicates that weak employee dealingss may be linked to the hapless client service. Ryanair may better their client service whilst still staying competitory by: aˆ? Planing a better service system which can maintain costs low but deliver service aˆ? Offer employees career development programs, which may lend to employee morale aˆ? Better developing frontline employees to maximise their operational efficiency, in order to outdo handle service failure state of affairss aˆ? Monitoring what the mark market needs, wants and values instead than doing the premise that offering the lowest menu is the lone inducement aˆ? Not taking advantage of the monetary value sensitive consumer and alternatively encompass them ( Gursoy et al Bibliography Internet hypertext transfer protocol: //www.e-tid.com/News-Home/Ryanair-is-least-favourite-four-years-running.aspx ( accessed on 29/12/09 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do? reference=SPEECH/06/247 A ; format=HTML A ; aged=0 A ; language=EN A ; guiLanguage=en ( accessed on 14/12/09 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/4972915/Ryanairs-online-check-in-policy-QandA.html ( accessed on 02/01/2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airfaresflights.co.uk/airlines/BMI ( accessed on 14/12/09 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //emol.org/virtualmall/uk/bmi/index.html ( accessed on 17/12/09 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/transport/article6911708.ece ( accessed on 02/01/09 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //news.ebookers.com/european-airlines/bmi-british-midland/ ( accessed on 17/12/09 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8378586.stm ( accessed on 17/12/09 )

Nothing Wrong with went missing

Nothing Wrong with went missing Nothing Wrong with â€Å"went missing† Nothing Wrong with â€Å"went missing† By Maeve Maddox Marilyn asks Why does one say â€Å"went missing† instead of â€Å"is missing†? I’d never given the expression â€Å"to go missing† any thought. It sounds fine to me, perhaps because I lived in England for seven years. Judging by the comments on some language sites, it drives some Americans crazy. I . . . have been puzzled (and annoyed) by the term went missing. I teach English (vocabulary, grammar and literature) to sixth and eighth grade students, and would mark this incorrect usage if I saw it in their writing. It seems to have become totally acceptable in newspapers and on television. I know we are a nation of borrowed words, but this one offends the ears. Went missing has been bothering me ever since I first heard it on TV. UK or Canadians can have it. In our country its incorrect and it will never sound proper. The OED includes the expression under the entry for the verb go, along with the expression to go native. The sense of go here is â€Å"to pass into a certain condition.† The American dictionary Merriam-Webster also includes the expression in the go entry: go missing: to become lost To say that someone â€Å"has gone missing† is not the same as saying someone â€Å"is missing.† â€Å"To go missing† means â€Å"to disappear.† â€Å"To be missing† is to be gone or absent. I’ve heard American speakers say that someone â€Å"has gone AWOL.† I don’t see much difference between that and saying someone â€Å"has gone missing.† The expression â€Å"went missing† for â€Å"disappeared† may be informal rather than formal, but it is neither ungrammatical nor unidiomatic. Nevertheless, since many Americans object so strongly to the expression. writers and newscasters may want to think twice about using it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsLatin Plural EndingsHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Globel health presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globel health presentation - Essay Example In 1978, the Alma-Ata declaration developed a global policy for health, which was to be realized by the year 2000. In this global policy, a universal primary health care system based on acceptable and practical methods was adopted. This was to involve the people and be affordable in different countries. This was adopted by most countries, except some capitalistic countries. In developing countries, this was faced with a number of obstacles, including political instability, poor economy, and emerging diseases. WHO is a major player in implementing the Alma Ata declaration. The development of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) helped in propagation of global policy. Today, different studies show that a health system comprising primary care is likely to deliver better health care. However, it is impossible for one heath policy to apply to the whole world. This is because of the difficulty in formulating uniform health interventions, which target a great number of people and different key groups with varying risk factors. These also live in different environments. Maternal and child health are critical in the global policy. Cost-effective interventions were identified, but the evidence on how these could reach the vulnerable groups was not established. Generally, the Alma Ata declaration is an unfinished business. However, it has been influential in responding to dynamic health issues across the globe, and so is a potential for health developments. The World Health Organization has a global policy of improving the quality of health, developing healthy lifestyles for all people, alleviating health risks, and being responsive to the determinants of health involved. The WHO public policies of health are age-and gender-sensitive, which will facilitate the empowerment of communities, self-care, and health protection, while cooperating with its different partners. On biological weapons, the

How does McKibbens book conclude What is his final argument Essay

How does McKibbens book conclude What is his final argument - Essay Example McKibbens concludes that human beings should expect massive extinction of species and higher cost of living in the future. In addition, the author relates scientific effects of global warming with local effects that individuals will experience. Mckibben concludes that people should stop focusing so much on economic growth, which according to him is the main cause of environmental changes. This is because economies all over the world have been striping off natural resources from earth to improve their economic status. However, according to McKibben the new earth should include living in a world where people are willing to live with less. This earth will have many economic problems since people will have less attachment to material things and be more connected to the nature. Furthermore, this book points out that the new earth will have repercussions on the economic status of generations to come. However, according to him, human beings cannot escape the new earth since they have already killed the old earth; thus, the new earth will not use machines in its food production to avoid polluting the environment. This means that it will be more labor intensive than the old earth and according to the author; more focus will be give n to farming and producing organic

Gunshot Residue Aanalysis Essay Example for Free

Gunshot Residue Aanalysis Essay When a firearm is discharged, residues from the bullet’s force, the primer, cartridge case, firearm itself and the powder from the propellant are expelled from gaps in the guns working parts (Pepper, 2005: 118). These particles are known as gunshot residue (GSR) or firearm discharge residue (FDR) and are composed of partially burnt and un-burnt propellant powder, particles from the ammunition primer, smoke, lubricants, grease and metals from the cartridge. GSR’s are mainly deposited on skin, the hand in which the weapon was fired, on clothing, the entrance wound of victim or any other local target materials present at the crime scene. The major primer elements are lead (Pb), barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb) usually all three elements are present on the hand after firing. Less common elements include aluminium, zinc, copper, silicon and potassium. Organic and inorganic compounds are also present in GSR’s. Organic compounds are found in propellant powder and primer mixtures whereas inorganic compounds derive from primer mixtures. GSR particles are formed when the pin strikes, the primer cap and mixture is ignited creating high levels of temperature and pressure within the cartridge. The increase of temperature melts the primer mixture and the three elements are produced by vaporisation. As the primer mix ignites the propellant powder, an increase in pressure and temperature occurs and the bullet is released from the firearm barrel. The particles involved in this process form as liquid droplets which instantly solidify due to the quick increase of temperature followed by instant cooling. The discharge of firearm can deposit residues on all persons present and not just the person that fired the gun, the analysis as to who fired the weapon must be made with precaution because any hand or body part that was close to the fired weapon may have residue appearing consistent with having fired the weapon. The cartridge case, bullet and bullet coating contain specific elements that can also be detected such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). There are three classifications of GSR particles which take on characteristic morphologies of GSR, regular spheroids, irregular particles and particles that form a layer of lead surrounding an inner core. The collection of GSR should be carried out instantly because GSR evidence can easily be destroyed just by washing your hands and once examined it is generally spherical in shape. Strong evidential value of all three elements must be found by specialised equipment to confirm a gun had been fired by specific suspect(s). Electron microscope (EM) is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen being analysed, it is capable of much higher magnifications and is able to see much smaller objects in detail. They are large, expensive pieces of equipment, and require a lot of skill and training to operate EM. All electron microscopes use electromagnetic and electrostatic lenses to control the path of electrons. The design of an electromagnetic lens is a coil of wire around the outside of a tube through which one can pass a current, creating an electromagnetic field. The electron beam passes through the centre of the coil of wire and down the column of the EM towards the sample. Electrons are very sensitive to magnetic fields and are controlled by changing the current through the lenses. There are two types of EM, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy involves a high voltage electron beam emitted by a cathode and formed by magnetic lenses. The electron beam that has been partially transmitted through the thin specimen carries information about the structure of the specimen.This information is then magnified by a chain of magnetic lenses until it is recorded by hitting a fluorescent screen, photographic plate, or light sensitive sensor such as a camera. The image detected is displayed on a computer. SEM is a technique that uses a beam of electrons to produce magnified images of sample by detecting secondary electrons which are emitted from the surface due to excitation by a primary electron beam. The electron beam is scanned across the surface of the sample with detectors building up an image by mapping the detected signals.The beam that impacts with the sample produces 3-dimensional (3D) images of the surfaces at high levels of magnification. SEM can also reveal the actual surface details of the particles with known examples of GSR, the large particles of partially burnt powder and spheres of residues analysed can appear to be from contaminated materials and not just from the specimen. In SEM, backscattered electrons (BSE) form due to collisions between incoming electron and the nucleus of the target atom where electrons are being knocked off. BSE are used to detect contrast between areas with different chemical compositions where heavy metal elements appear brighter in the ima ges formed and lighter metal elements appear darker. SEM has the ability to be coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) to provide information about the elemental composition of the sample being analysed. To date the most successful technique is SEM/EDX, which concentrates on the inorganic particles of GSR. This technique not only allows much of the elemental composition of individual particles to be produced but to also enable images that show morphology and the characteristics of GSR (Jackson et al, 2011: 317) . This is important because these two techniques allow GSR particles to be uniquely identified and the discovery of a suspect may appear to be guilty of a crime. Particles will either be identified as possibly being GSR or shown not to have fired the weapon. The advantage of using this technique has the ability to analyse individual particles of GSR typically the three elements lead, barium and antimony can be identified easily using this technique.(Jackson et al, 2011: 315) The EDX technique detects x-rays emitted from the sample during bombardment by an electron beam to characterize the elemental composition of the analysis, features as small as 1 ÃŽ ¼m or less can be analys ed. When the sample is bombarded by the SEMs electron beam, electrons are knocked off from the atoms to the samples surface. The electrons from the ground state are filled by electrons from a higher state which creates an electron hole so that an x-ray is emitted to balance the energy difference between the two electron states. The number and energy of the x-rays emitted from a specimen can be measured by an energy dispersive spectrometer; this gives information direct to the energy difference. The data can be interpreted in various forms from its composition to the x-ray spectrum. SEM/EDX cannot determine whether a person discharged a weapon on any occasion.Thedisadvantages of using this technique are that it’s cost effective, limited availability and a significant amount of training is required to operate the machine as it’s considered to be a specialised piece of equipment (Bell, 2006: 447). SEM examines specific particulates under high magnification whereas EDX allows elemental analysis of samples. SEM/EDX is the preferred method of GSR analysis as it shows in current study that the use o f this technique has increased from 21% to 26% (Ronald et al, 1996: 195) this shows how reliable and accurate it is to use. Positive results are always produced and when providing evidence in court it is less frequently challenged by the judge. Over 72% of laboratories that analyse GSR use SEM/EDX and search more than 50% of the stub; this is composed of aluminium and is an electrically charged conducting tab which is directly placed into the SEM/EDX machine without sample pre-treatment (Ronald et al, 1996: 197) to start the analysis.EDX extends the usefulness of SEM in that elemental analysis which can be performed within regions as small as a few cubic micrometres. All elements from the periodic table can be detected with this type of method. There are many other methods that have been applied to identify both organic and inorganic GSR analysis but it depends on which method you use. Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), x-ray micro-fluorescence, colour/spot testing, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), neutron activation analysis (NAA), gas chromatography (GC) and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). TOF-SIMS was determined to have many advantages over SEM/EDX but because of its lack of high resolution imaging it could not reach its level of expectation. TOF-SIMS analyses smokeless black powders because of the high vacuum conditions inside the instrument but was reported to be unsuitable for volatile components such as nitro-glycerine (NG), which is a liquid substance made from glycerol, nitric and sulphuric acid.(Oliver et al, 2010) References Books 1. Suzanne Bell (2006). Forensic Chemistry. USA: Pearson Education Inc. 447. 2. Andrew R.W Jackson and Julie M. Jackson (2011). Forensic Science. 3rd ed. London: Pearson Education Inc. 311-317. 3. Ian K. Pepper (2005). Crime Scene Investigation: Methods and Procedures. 2nd ed. United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill Company. 118. Journals 4. Ronald L. Singer, 1 M.S.; Dusty Davis, 2 B.S.; and Max M. Houck, 3 M.A. (1996). Journal of Forensic Science. A Survey of Gunshot Residue Analysis Methods. 41 (2), 195-198. 5. Oliver Dalby, B.Sc, David Butler, MSc and Jason W. Birkett Ph.D. (2010). Analysis of Gunshot Residue and Associated Materials-A Review. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 55 (4), 924-926 930-931. Websites 6. http://www.jic.ac.uk/microscopy/intro_em.html accessed Thursday 13th December 2012 at 11.12pm 7. http://mee-inc.com/eds.html accessed Wednesday 19th December 2012 at 3.09pm

City of Angels :: essays papers

City of Angels The film City of Angels depicts the existence of an angel watching over a doctor who is deeply shaken by the loss of one of her patients, thus making the reality of angels on earth a possibility for me. Not only does this film make me seriously consider the existence of celestial beings, but I now believe in the possibility that a guardian angel is looking after me. The belief in such beings can be comforting during times of need and in matters of life and death. City of Angels portrays the grace of Heaven meeting the beauty of Earth. Two souls, one mortal and one celestial, must struggle with their willingness and their need to sacrifice everything familiar for the sake of love. Seth is the guardian angel who watches over Dr. Maggie Rice. After learning that it is possible for an angel to become mortal if his love for a woman is deep enough, he realizes the strength of his love for Maggie and agrees to fall from heaven to be with her. Until I watched City of Angels, the thought of invisible beings guiding and protecting me was not a major interest of mine. At the age of eight my uncle, whom I was very close to, passed away, and his death was tragic. Being young and not understanding the concept of death, I had endless questions. â€Å"Where do people go when they die?† â€Å"Is there really a heaven or hell?† â€Å"Are their souls still on earth, just not visible to humans?† Providing some explanation to my uncertainties, the scene in the film involving a library book with a mysterious origin suggests one method in which angels could convey subliminal messages. Seth leaves the book with a section marked for Maggie to consider the existence of angels around her. This scene gives me the sense of spiritual beings roaming earth after death. So where is my late uncle now? In contrast with the belief that a person’s soul travels to Heaven or Hell after death, I feel that my uncle’s soul is still nearby. It is clear that my uncle is my guardian angel. Similarly to the scene in City of Angels where Seth leaves the book on the nightstand to send a message, I have felt as though my uncle was present in a time of concern. City of Angels :: essays papers City of Angels The film City of Angels depicts the existence of an angel watching over a doctor who is deeply shaken by the loss of one of her patients, thus making the reality of angels on earth a possibility for me. Not only does this film make me seriously consider the existence of celestial beings, but I now believe in the possibility that a guardian angel is looking after me. The belief in such beings can be comforting during times of need and in matters of life and death. City of Angels portrays the grace of Heaven meeting the beauty of Earth. Two souls, one mortal and one celestial, must struggle with their willingness and their need to sacrifice everything familiar for the sake of love. Seth is the guardian angel who watches over Dr. Maggie Rice. After learning that it is possible for an angel to become mortal if his love for a woman is deep enough, he realizes the strength of his love for Maggie and agrees to fall from heaven to be with her. Until I watched City of Angels, the thought of invisible beings guiding and protecting me was not a major interest of mine. At the age of eight my uncle, whom I was very close to, passed away, and his death was tragic. Being young and not understanding the concept of death, I had endless questions. â€Å"Where do people go when they die?† â€Å"Is there really a heaven or hell?† â€Å"Are their souls still on earth, just not visible to humans?† Providing some explanation to my uncertainties, the scene in the film involving a library book with a mysterious origin suggests one method in which angels could convey subliminal messages. Seth leaves the book with a section marked for Maggie to consider the existence of angels around her. This scene gives me the sense of spiritual beings roaming earth after death. So where is my late uncle now? In contrast with the belief that a person’s soul travels to Heaven or Hell after death, I feel that my uncle’s soul is still nearby. It is clear that my uncle is my guardian angel. Similarly to the scene in City of Angels where Seth leaves the book on the nightstand to send a message, I have felt as though my uncle was present in a time of concern.

Martha Stewart: A Brand in Crisis

1. Stewart repeatedly denied any wrongdoing, despite the conviction and failed appeal, yet she still says she did nothing wrong. Is this the right strategy? Yes, admit your mistakes, learn from them and move on but don’t continue to make them over and over again. Stewart demoed that she engaged in any improper trading when she sold her shares of ImClone stock (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 345). Stewart claimed she had previously issued a â€Å"stop-loss† order to sell her 3928 shares; she also called her friend Sam Waksal, but could not reach him. However, Stewart’s explanation that she unloaded her stock because of a pre-arranged sell order collapsed when Douglas Faneuil, the broker’s assistant who handled the sale of the ImClone stock for Stewart, told Merrill Lynch lawyers that his boss, Peter Bacanovic, had pressured him to lie about a stop-loss order. 2. Did Stewart’s actions justify the subsequent sentence to her and those around her? Despite her reputation and business successes, Stewart was indicted in 2003 on criminal charges and faced several civil lawsuits to her sale of the ImClone stock (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 344). Stewart sold the stock on December 27, 2001, one day before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refused to review ImClone System’s cancer drug Erbitux; the company’s stock tumbled following the FDA’s announcement. On June 4, 2003, a federal grand jury indicted Stewart on charges of securities fraud, conspiracy (together with Bacanovic), making false statements, and obstruction of justice (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 346). At her trial, the indictments for securities fraud were dropped, but the other indictments were prosecuted (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 347). Stewart faced humiliation and some prison time but examples have to be set when running a company. You just can’t do what you please because you own it and not face the consequences. 3. Compare other executives’ wrongdoings versus Stewart’s. Discuss why MSLO is or is not different from what happened at companies such as Enron and Tyco. Enron’s demise caused tens of billions of dollars of investor losses, triggered a collapse of electricity-trading markets, and ushered in an era of accounting scandals that precipitated a global loss of confidence in corporate integrity (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2007, page 328). Now companies must defend legitimate but complicated financing arrangements, even legitimate financing tools tainted by association with Enron. Executives in these positions have a duty to protect the investors and shareholders of the company. Consumers put their trust in them for results and their ethical standards should be top priority. Enormous evidence of book-cooking and scandals involving WorldCom, Enron, Andersen Consulting and now Xerox, combined with Martha Stewart's embroglio over dumping ImClone stock last year, have caused growing skepticism among consumers about big brands in an already shaky economy that's trying its best to rebound. â€Å"The overall impact of the corporate financial scandals are going to cause consumers to question the ethics and the corporate behavior of many corporations,† said Lynne Doll, president of Rogers & Associates, a crisis communications firm in Los Angeles. (Hein & Cassidy, 2002). The investigation of Ms. Stewart's trading of ImClone stock continues. But at issue is perhaps less the outcome of the investigation than the more mystical question of what this does to the brand-a subject on which brand experts are more pessimistic than marketers. â€Å"An important element of the brand is authenticity,† said Don Pettit, president-CEO of brand identity firm Sterling Group. â€Å"A lot of Martha's credibility is built on her integrity and authority, and that's exactly what's being called into question. â€Å"

Values of Effective Leader

Exploration Paper Topic: Values Structure of assignment: 1. Introduction 2. Research 3. Results of research 4. My view on values in terms of management 5. Conclusion 6. References 1. Introduction Paying attention to our values helps us to: ? become self-aware ? make ethical decisions ? prioritize our tasks ? develop credibility as a leader Reasons why values are important to managers: 1) Understanding one's own core values is essential to becoming self-aware. And self-awareness helps us to understand how people perceive us; also it allows us to identify the personal qualities that we would like to change.Values influence our choices, but our choices also influence our values with time. If we don’t pay enough attention to examining the correspondence between our actions with our values, our actions may be guided by immediate concerns and instant gratification rather than our values. Process of changes in values takes a lot of time, but usually it begins with changes in behavior . Over time, we start to take for granted the choices that we repeatedly make even if they are initially inappropriate with our values, and our values begin to float as well.Clarification and requalification of our personal values can stop that float. 2) People who internalize and act on standards of justice and human rights achieve a high level of moral development, and they make ethical decisions. During our lifetimes, we pass through different stages of moral development. Small children, at the preconventional level of moral development, make choices on the basis of the immediate consequences of their decisions. People who have not developed further than the preconventional level of moral development, only choose an ethical alternative if it's in their immediate personal interests.People who step forward to the conventional level of moral development make decisions on the basis of the formal rules and informal norms of their social context, and will choose ethical alternatives ev en at the cost of forgoing their self-interests. The small percentage of people who progress to the highest level of moral development, the postconventional stage, make decisions on the basis of human rights, fairness and justice. Such people are willing to close the eyes to their self-interests and may even break society's rules and norms in order to act according to their principles.People who achieve the postconventional level of moral development are trustworthy; it’s difficult to bribe them and they are not pressured by peers. 3) An understanding of one's personal values is useful for time management. The majority of us has the opportunity to do more things than we'll ever have time to do. Consequently, we have to choose the tasks we will work on thoughtfully. An understandable picture of our personal values allows us to rank the tasks on our â€Å"to do† lists according to its importance for us. 4) Having a clear set of personal values helps us to build the relia bility and trust that assists leadership.The most challenging times for leaders are times when they must lead others into something new. Transformational leaders are able to influence their followers to increase their faith and follow them into the unknown; they build trust. We are more tending to trust people when we understand their values, and see that their actions are harmonious with those values, because we can predict how they will act. Today, companies are confronted with different normative expectations from their environment and are expected to be socially responsible.The discussion about responsible behaviour of companies is based on the increasing importance of values in business context. Important element of the choice of motives for human action is the set of values of the person involved in the action. In small and medium-sized enterprises which are human being-shaped more strongly than big companies, the question of values propagated and lived in the company refers d irectly to mangers. There was one research conducted in co-operation between the International Graduate School Zittau (Germany) and the Technical University in Liberec (Czech Republic) in the period of March – September 2006.It considers the question of what values are significant for small and medium-size companies’ managers and owners and how they manage to bring their personal moral values into harmony with the company’s interests. It focuses on personal values as broad concepts examining their importance in the context of the entrepreneurs’ or managers’ personal lives on one hand, and in process of making a decision and actions inside the company on the other hand. 2. Research Method and context of research Small and medium-size companies were determined by the number of employees; companies were selected from the following business area: Industry ? trade ? service sector ? public and state authorities ? non-profit organizations ? counselor ? e ducation The statistics was collected by personal interviews using a standard approved questionnaire. The interviews were hold only with personnel responsible for decision-making: with the company’s owner, director or manager. The questionnaire covered a variety of areas of business ethics such as: ? perception and evaluation of the business ethics ? ethical values ? ethical/unethical behaviours ? attitudes towards unethical behavior perception of unethical behaviour ? role of success in unethical behavior In questions focusing on personal and company’s ethical values, categories defined in beforehand of 20 values were used to evaluate their importance in the process of decision-making. Connection between personal and company’s values was calculated by Likert scale[1]. As a point of departure for the analysis of categorical variables, percentage frequency tables were used to describe the importance of personal and company ethical values. . Results of reserch The significance of personal values Owners and managers are not just business people; they are also human beings. They have their deep personal values and that are unlikely to change in a short period of time. To investigate the owners’ and managers’ personal values importance, 20 values focused on the objective that one would like to achieve were selected from different areas of value system. Respondents were asked to tick five the most important and five the least important values.According to survey: [pic] The majority of asked owners and managers consider health (86 percent) and family (76 percent) to be the most important personal values. Other personal values that have got comparatively high number of answers were reliability (51 percent), integrity, honesty (42 percent) and trust, reliance (40 percent). About one third of respondents stated responsibility (34 percent), money, financial success and prosperity (31 percent), and education (29 percent) to be one of ver y important values.The least important values with the lowest frequency of answers (stated by less than 10 percent respondents) were commitment (2 percent), individualism (3 percent), discipline (6 percent), openness, frankness (9 percent), and credibility and trustworthiness (10 percent). Also survey showed that reliability was perceived to be more important personal value for companies operating in the industry, trade and service sector than to non-profit organizations, state and municipal authorities, education or consultancy companies. The significance of business valuesAlike the personal value system, the importance of values in term of corporate management and culture was studied by the research. Respondents were asked to tick five values that in their opinion are the most important in their business activities and decision-making processes. Also, they were asked to mark five the least important values in managing their business. According to survey: [pic] Comparing to persona l values, the importance of values in management is not so clear. The highest achieved number of answers (65 percent) was showed in professionalism and quality.Just about 50 percent of respondents said that reliability (53 percent), and relationships, co-operation and team work (51 percent) are important values in their management. Roughly one third of respondents believe that integrity, honesty (36 percent), responsibility (35 percent), focus on success, profit, prosperity (32 percent) and flexibility (30 percent) to be very important values in business operations. The least important management values were individualism (2 percent), tolerance (3 percent), openness, frankness (5 percent), discipline (6 percent) and respect, acknowledgement, justice and fairness (7 percent).Concurrence of personal and business values Growing competition and unstable business environment force managers to look for the highest possible return on each investment and develop strategies that can increase companies’ profits and success. This puts high pressure on companies’ owners and managers. In order to fulfill all requirements, owners and managers are often have to make decision and act at variance with their believes and personal values.For this reason, the research examined how difficult it is for owners and managers of small and medium-size enterprises to bring their personal values in concurrence with their business values, and under what circumstances they would make a decision that would be against their personal moral values. Respondents were asked to mark if they agree or disagree, using Likert scale, with six statements that show complexity in keeping their business decisions and actions (business values) in concurrence with their personal values.Over a half of respondents agreed that for owners and managers it is difficult to behave according to ethical norms and values either because: ? it is not possible to fulfill expectations of people (agreed 70 perc ent of respondents), ? conditions in the market are not adjusted for ethical behaviour (69 percent), ? there is danger that competition will be stronger (67 percent), ? there are no ethical regulations in the company (50 percent). Also, about 57 percent of respondents agreed that it is not difficult to act according to personal ethical values but in order to achieve company’s objectives, it is inconvenient.Roughly 49 percent of respondents agreed that it is not difficult to combine their personal and business values, even though it is uncomfortable for them. What's more, the survey showed that about 3 percent of respondents would always and 31 percent maybe act against their personal values if they could increase success and profit of the company whereas, in case of the company bankruptcy more respondents would be certainly (about 25 percent) or very probably (47 percent) willing to step on their personal values.Approximately 84 percent of owners would act against their perso nal values in order to save their company from bankruptcy, comparing to 72 percent of managers and 69 percent of directors. 4. My view on values in terms of management Value is a choice of that you think is important in the present. Values are not something that can be seen. They can be recognized only by studying reactions and attitudes that motivate your behavior. Values and personal life positions are formed under the influence of experience on the stage of person and in the long term may be inappropriate or even destructive.Children are closely watching their parents and see how they behave in times of black and white stripes of life. Bearing in mind and sensing behavior of parents in a calm and tense moments, the often begin to imitate their parents. Children also react to how they are treated, and are seeking ways to overcome the certain problems that arise. Child perceives, mimics, experimenting. Some things he drops and develops a certain way of behavior for himself. Heads o f companies are not insulated from each other in their work.They are influenced by the values existing in a particular social group, especially the views and personal outlook of the senior managers. Due to the need to remain to the style adopted by the corporation, individual managers have problems. The relation between personal and corporate attitudes may vary from support to dissent. Managers with blurry personal values are not tend to doubt their own values and also, in most cases, they tend to ignore data that disagree with their values. They have tendency to be inconsistence.Often, can’t take a quick decision when it s needed and don’t want to take a key position in the dispute, or in making important decisions for the company. Thus, they are trying to shift responsibility to others and to avoid situations where they are expected to explain the decision they made. Managers with clear personal values, on the contrary, often doubt their own values; they are very ser ious about the role of values in decision making. They are able to change their values under the influence of perceived data and experience and are open to talk about it and discuss with colleagues.They are always ready to take the responsibility for decisions made according to their personal values and enthusiastically accept views of colleagues that are different from their own. They are truly trying to understand others' views. These managers are always reliable in making decisions. Both, in everyday life and at work, they always rely on their beliefs and act according to them. Usually, such managers become more effective leaders of organizations, employees tend to listen to them and appreciate them and trust their choice (decision). 5. ConclusionIt is hard to make a standard list of corporate values, because the organizational culture is almost always a mix of original values, attitudes, norms, customs, traditions, behaviors and rituals that are unique to this organization. The purpose of common values is to unite people in groups, to create a powerful force in achieving goals. This aspect of values is widely used in organizational culture, because it allows people to achieve goals. As shown by different studies around the world, today’s qualified employee wants to receive from the organization more than just money.The materialization and impact of a number of social factors led to the formation of a great class of the today’s employees, the expectations are very different from those that dominated in the previous generation. Nowadays, workers are counting not only on financial success, but also tend to psychologically feel comfortable in the organization, and on cultural values which match their personal values. Each organization carries out its activities according to those values, which are essential for its employees.While creating an organizational culture social ideals and cultural traditions of the country should be taken into account. Moreover, for an absolute understanding and assimilation of values in an organization, it is important that the corporate values vary within the organization. The gradual acceptance of these values will allow members of the organization to achieve stability and success in organizational development.References: 1. http://community. livejournal. com/marketing_club/14212. html 2. http://www. fin. ru/management/practice/man_today/lichn. shtml 3. http://www. summittraining. co. uk/news-detail. asp? fldNewsArticles_ID=126 4. http://www. ipsihologia. com/? p=206 5. http://quality. eup. ru/MATERIALY7/ckk. html ———————– [1] A Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research. When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. (www. wikipedia. org)

Internet Censorship Essays - Internet Memes, Free Essays

Internet Censorship Essays - Internet Memes, Free Essays Internet Censorship Mr. Speaker, distinguished members of the house, The opposition concedes that proctecting children and to enable adults to avoid material which offends their personal & community standards should be one of the goals of the government. Having said that, we must find realistic and practical solutions in order to address this issue. Is regulating the internet the answer? Before answering this question, there are many factors to be considered. As the member of the opposition has stated, no single set of standards is appropriate to all users, how can we regulate and deem whats appropriate for one, everyone is different. What one may find offensive on the net, others may not. By restricting the flow of information on the internet, the public will not be able to obtain every possible information which is available to them. Although there will always be certain sites which emits offensive material, it gives us a true balance of our society. By making the internet a perfect world will mislead the publics perception of our true society. Mr. Speaker, the public should have the right to choose which kind of information he or she would like to view. The users should be given the responsibility of private censorship. Like in other cases, adults must provide children with a safe and supportive environment in which to play and learn in. This can be done by subscribing to a filtered Internet Service Provider or by installing a filtering software, it should not be required as the Honorable Prime Minister is proposing. Self-censorship should be decided by the users themselves and not regulated by the government. The Prime Minister has also maintained that there needs to be a rating authority for websites on the internet. Mr. Speaker, although this may seem appropriate, it would be almost impossible to implement. We must remember that unlike print media, one of the advantages of having the internet is to let individuals who have no access or who cannot afford a publisher, the opportunity to be heard. With the amount of information uploaded every second onto the internet, it would be very hard for a rating authority to anaylize these uploads. If a suitable rating must be given before any information is to be displayed on the internet, webmasters would have to wait a considerable amount of time before their work can be viewed over the internet. Mr. Speaker, as my member of opposition as stated, by banning or blocking out certain websites will result in a high social cost, this can be controlled locally, but not on a global scale. The effect would be minimal if not noticeable, and the cost of implementing this would be very high. There are no practical ways of restricting the users, in an era of extreme information fluidity in which every barrier to information can be by passed in several ways will make it very hard for the government to make such a restriction on the internet. Any knowledgeable user can log online and use a different proxy server to by pass these barriers. The Minister of the Crown has expressed there are harmful informations available on the internet which should be regulated. Getting information, such as instructions to build a bomb can certainly cause harm to the public if it is in the wrong hands. However we must realize that by taking such information off the internet will not be the answer. These harmful information can be obtained through many other mediums. Mr. Speaker, information of how to build a bomb can be obtained at your local library, banning certain information on the internet will not be the solution. Stopping and capturing individuals who present harm to the society should be the issue, it would be ignorant to name the Internet as the scapegoat. As for regulating copyright materials on the internet, the government has not proposed any practical and realistic ways to go about this. Problems for the protection of the rights of the different industries, be it music, print and so on, should be addressed. But once again, The Crown presents a false image to the public, regulating the internet to uphold copyright will not solve the problem at hand. Mr. Speaker, the internet presents a minicul porportion of

Uncovering the Archaeological Remains of Tipis

Uncovering the Archaeological Remains of Tipis A tipi ring is the archaeological remains of a tipi, a dwelling type constructed by North American Plains people between at least as early as 500 BC up until the early 20th century. When Europeans arrived in the great plains of Canada and the United States in the early 19th century, they found thousands of clusters of stone circles, made of small boulders placed at close intervals. The rings ranged in size between seven to 30 feet or more in diameter, and in some cases were embedded into the sod. The Recognition of Tipi Rings The early European explorers in Montana and Alberta, the Dakotas and Wyoming were well aware of the meaning and use of the stone circles, because they saw them in use. The German explorer Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuweid described a Blackfoot camp at Fort McHenry in 1833; later plains travelers reporting the practice included Joseph Nicollet in Minnesota, Cecil Denny at the Assiniboine camp at Fort Walsh in Saskatchewan, and George Bird Grinnell with the Cheyenne. What these explorers saw was the people of the Plains using stones to weigh down the edges of their tipis. When the camp moved, the tipis were taken down and moved with the camp. The rocks were left behind, resulting in a series of stone circles on the ground: and, because the Plains people left their tipi weights behind, we have one of the few ways that domestic life on the Plains can be archaeologically documented. In addition, the rings themselves had and have meaning to the descendants of the groups which created them, beyond the domestic functions: and history, ethnography, and archaeology together ensures that the rings are a source of cultural richness belied by their plainness. Tipi Ring Meaning To some plains groups, the tipi ring is symbolic of the circle, a core concept of the natural environment, the passage of time, and the gloriously endless view in all directions from the Plains. Tipi camps were also organized in a circle. Among Plains Crow traditions, the word for prehistory is Biiaakashissihipee, translated as when we used stones to weigh down our lodges. A Crow legend tells of a boy named Uuwatisee (Big Metal) who brought metal and wooden tipi stakes to the Crow people. Indeed, stone tipi rings dated later than the 19th century is rare. Scheiber and Finley point out that as such, stone circles act as mnemonic devices linking descendants to their ancestors across space and time. They represent the footprint of the lodge, the conceptual and symbolic home of the Crow people. Chambers and Blood (2010) note that tipi rings typically had a doorway facing east, marked by a break in the circle of stones. According to Canadian Blackfoot tradition, when everyone in the tipi died, the entrance was sewn shut and the stone circle was made complete. That happened all too often during the 1837 smallpox epidemic at the Akà ­Ãƒ ­Ã¢â‚¬â„¢nisskoo or Many Dead Kà ­nai (Blackfoot or Siksikà ­tapiiksi) campsite near present-day Lethbridge, Alberta. Collections of stone circles without door openings such as those at Many Dead are thus memorials of the devastation of epidemics on Siksikà ­tapiiksi people. Dating Tipi Rings Untold numbers of tipi ring sites have been destroyed by Euroamerican settlers moving into the Plains, purposefully or not: however, there are still 4,000 stone circle sites recorded in the state of Wyoming alone. Archaeologically, tipi rings have few artifacts associated with them, although there are generally hearths, which can be used to gather radiocarbon dates. The earliest of the tipis in Wyoming date to the Late Archaic period circa 2500 years ago. Dooley (cited in Schieber and Finley) identified increased numbers of tipi rings in the Wyoming site database between AD 700-1000 and AD 1300-1500. They interpret these higher numbers as representing an increased population, increased use of Wyoming trail system and the migrations of Crow from their Hidatsa homeland along the Missouri River in North Dakota. Recent Archaeological Studies Most archaeological studies of tipi rings are the results of large scale surveys with selected pit testing. One recent example was in the Bighorn Canyon of Wyoming, the historic home of several Plains groups, such as the Crow and Shoshone. Researchers Scheiber and Finley used  hand-held Personal Data Assistants (PDAs)  to input data on tipi rings, part of a developed mapping method combining remote sensing, excavation, hand-drawing, computer-assisted drawing, and Magellan Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment. Scheiber and Finley studied 143 oval tipi rings at eight sites, dated between 300 and 2500 years ago. The rings varied in diameter between 160-854 centimeters along their maximum axes, and 130-790 cm on the minimum, with averages of 577 cm maximum and 522 cm minimum. Tipi studied in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were reported as 14-16 feet in diameter. The average doorway in their  dataset  faced north-east, pointing to the midsummer sunrise. The internal  architecture of the Bighorn Canyon group included fire hearths in 43% of the  tipis; external included stone alignments and  cairns thought to represent meat drying racks. Sources Chambers CM, and Blood NJ. 2009.  Love  they  neighbour: Repatriating precarious Blackfoot sites.  International Journal of Canadian Studies  39-40:253-279. Diehl MW. 1992.  Architecture as a Material Correlate of Mobility Strategies: Some Implications for Archeological Interpretation.  Cross-Cultural Research  26(1-4):1-35. doi: 10.1177/106939719202600101 Janes RR. 1989.  A Comment on Microdebitage Analyses and Cultural Site-Formation Processes among Tipi Dwellers.  American Antiquity  54(4):851-855. doi: 10.2307/280693 Orban N. 2011.  Keeping House: A Home for Saskatchewan First Nations Artifacts.  Ã‚  Halifax, Nova Scotia: Dalhousie University. Scheiber LL, and Finley JB. 2010.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Domestic campsites and cyber landscapes in the Rocky Mountains.  Antiquity  84(323):114-130. Scheiber LL, and Finley JB. 2012.  Situating (Proto) history on the Northwestern Plains and  Rocky Mountains. In: Pauketat TR, editor.  The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p 347-358. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195380118.013.0029 Seymour DJ. 2012.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹When Data Speak Back: Resolving Source Conflict in Apache Residential and Fire-Making Behavior.  International Journal of Historical Archaeology  16(4):828-849. doi: 10.1007/s10761-012-0204-z

Analysis Of Ford Motor Companys Balance Sheet Assignment

Analysis Of Ford Motor Companys Balance Sheet - Assignment Example   Equity refers to the difference between total assets and total liabilities (Fridson et al 2011).  Purpose of the balance sheet  The main purpose behind the preparation of financial statements is to allow major decision makers to assess the present condition of the company and make changes as needed. Balance sheet, therefore, gives users an idea of the company's financial position along with presenting what the company owes and owns. It also indicates how the economic resources contribute by shareholders and lenders are used in the business. It helps investors to determine the financial standing of a company (Fridson et al 2011).  Creditors and banks use the balance sheet to make decisions on loans to be extended to the company. Also, stock investors use the statement of financial position to uncover whether the business represents a good investment. Balance sheet indicates trouble areas for the company such as back taxes owed or chronic late payment fees for bills (Peterson & Fabozzi, 2012).   How it reflects the company’s financial status  Statement of financial position often sums up the liabilities, assets and the owners' capital as a specified point in time. Analysis and review of the balance sheet show the current financial health of a company. Subtracting total liabilities from total assets results into stockholders' equity, this is the net worth of the company. Balance sheet, therefore, shows the value of the company (Ittelson, 2009).